An Attempt To Date
the Ottomans
G.D.O'Bradovich III
July 28, 2015
Courtesy of the Oxford English Dictionary: What did the English know about the Ottomans and when did they know it? Citations after the year 1801 are omitted.
Forms:
15 Hottoman, 15 Ottomann, 15– Ottoman, 16 Othoman, 16 Otthoman.
Etymology:
< Middle French, French Ottoman, noun (1543) and adjective (c1590 as Hottomane ) and its etymon post-classical Latin Ottomanus (1539 in the passage translated in quot. 1546 at sense A.)
< Arabic ʿuṯmān Othman n., with -us ending probably after post-classical Latin Turcomannus Turcoman
n.
Compare Italian Ottomano , adjective and noun (1538 in the Italian version of the passage translated in quot. 1546 at sense A.), Spanish otomano , noun (1540–50; 1570–9 in form othomano ), and also German ottomanisch , adjective (1622 or earlier; 1745 or earlier as osmanisch ), Ottomane , noun (1766 or earlier in plural form Ottomannen ; 1793 or earlier as Osmanen (plural)).
Compare medieval Greek Ὀτούμανος . Compare Osmanli n. and adj.
The medial -th- of the form Othoman is perhaps after Arabic.
Now hist.
A. n.1
A member of the dynasty that ruled the empire established by Osman I (Othman I) in northern Anatolia at the end of the 13th cent. and expanded by his successors to include all of Asia Minor, the Balkans, the Crimea, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, west and south Arabia, Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia until its collapse after the First World War (1914–18); a subject of this empire; = Osmanli n. Also occas. more generally: a Turk.
1546 P. Ashton tr. P. Jovius Short Treat. vpon Turkes Chron. i. f. iiv,
This Ottoman was the first after whom the house and stocke of the turkysh Emperours: that is to saye..were the fyrst of al named and called Ottomans.
1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. f. 535/2,
Laonicus Chalcondilas bath most diligently let out ye original of ye Turks, and the ofsprȝing of the Ottomans.
1605 Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii2v,
As though he had bin of the race of the Ottomans.
1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 32 Gone..to fight the Ottomans.
1735 Swift Let. to Pulteney in Lett. (1766) II. 273
Of the Roman emperors, how many of them were murdered by their own army;..the same may be said of the Ottomans by their janissaries.
1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. 276 (note)
By this barbarous policy the tyranny of the Ottomans has been long sustained.
B. adj.
Of, relating to, or designating this dynasty, the branch of the Turks to which it belonged, or the empire it ruled; = Osmanli adj. Also occas. more generally: Turkish. Ottoman Porte n. see Porte n.
[1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xl. f. 107v,
He of whom I will declare the historie, is Mahomet, not the false Prophete, but the greate graundfather of Solimar Ottoman Emperour of the Turkes, whiche raigned at that time.
1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes v. xviii. 54
Then Mahomet Ottoman Emperour of Turkie Anno 1410 with an excelsiue force of men and an hundred sailes of Gallies (conducted by a Baffa borne in Greece, descended of the rase of Paleologhisometime Emperours of Constantinople did besiege it.]
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Travellers Breviat (1603) 51
It is the custome of Ottoman princes to sieze vpon al the land which they take from their enimies.
1603 R. Knolles (title)
The generall historie of the Turkes..to the rising of the Othoman familie.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2112/2
The Ottoman Troops appointed for the guard of the Bridge of Essecke.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2116/3
In case they enter into the League against the Ottoman Port.
1718 Life Robert Frampton (1876) 60
Thy freedom enables thee to pass the Ottoman empire.
1743 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 445/1
The Persian monarch..has drawn his Arms upon the Ottoman Empire.
1793 H. L. Piozzi Diary 20 Feb. in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) II. 855
'Tis now confidently asserted that the Ottoman Porte enters into a League offensive & defensive with France.
Derivatives
† Ottomanean adj. Obs. rare = sense B.
1658 J. Durham Expos. Rev. (1680) ix. 385
The Turks (having prevailed over the Saracens) did with them combine in one dominion under the Ottomanean family.
ˈOttoman-like adj. rare in the manner of the Ottoman Turks or the Ottoman Empire.
a1684 R. Leighton Serm. in Wks. (1868) 444
They do not Ottomanlike, one brother kill another to reign alone.
The citations in chronological order.
1538 Italian Ottomano , adjective and noun
1540-50 Spanish otomano , noun
1543 French Ottoman, noun
1546 This Ottoman ... called Ottomans.
1566 ... of Solimar Ottoman Emperour of the Turkes...
1582 ... and the ofsprȝing of the Ottomans.
1590 Then Mahomet Ottoman Emperour of Turkie Anno 1410 ...
1590 French adjective as Hottomane
1601 (1603) It is the custome of Ottoman princes to sieze ...
1603 R. Knolles (title) The generall historie of the Turkes..to the rising of the Othoman familie.
1605 Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii2v, As though he had bin of the race of the Ottomans.
1622 German ottomanisch , adjective
1658 (1680) The Turks ... the Ottomanean family.
1684a (1868) They do not Ottomanlike, one brother kill another ...
1685 Gone..to fight the Ottomans.
1686 The Ottoman Troops appointed for the guard of the Bridge of Essecke.
1686 In case they enter into the League against the Ottoman Port.
1718 (1876)Thy freedom enables thee to pass the Ottoman empire.
1735 (1766) ... of the Ottomans by their janissaries.
1743 The Persian monarch..has drawn his Arms upon the Ottoman Empire.
1776 ... the tyranny of the Ottomans has been long sustained.
1793 (1942)'...that the Ottoman Porte ...
Forms:
15 Hottoman, 15 Ottomann, 15– Ottoman, 16 Othoman, 16 Otthoman.
Etymology:
< Middle French, French Ottoman, noun (1543) and adjective (c1590 as Hottomane ) and its etymon post-classical Latin Ottomanus (1539 in the passage translated in quot. 1546 at sense A.)
< Arabic ʿuṯmān Othman n., with -us ending probably after post-classical Latin Turcomannus Turcoman
n.
Compare Italian Ottomano , adjective and noun (1538 in the Italian version of the passage translated in quot. 1546 at sense A.), Spanish otomano , noun (1540–50; 1570–9 in form othomano ), and also German ottomanisch , adjective (1622 or earlier; 1745 or earlier as osmanisch ), Ottomane , noun (1766 or earlier in plural form Ottomannen ; 1793 or earlier as Osmanen (plural)).
Compare medieval Greek Ὀτούμανος . Compare Osmanli n. and adj.
The medial -th- of the form Othoman is perhaps after Arabic.
Now hist.
A. n.1
A member of the dynasty that ruled the empire established by Osman I (Othman I) in northern Anatolia at the end of the 13th cent. and expanded by his successors to include all of Asia Minor, the Balkans, the Crimea, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, west and south Arabia, Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia until its collapse after the First World War (1914–18); a subject of this empire; = Osmanli n. Also occas. more generally: a Turk.
1546 P. Ashton tr. P. Jovius Short Treat. vpon Turkes Chron. i. f. iiv,
This Ottoman was the first after whom the house and stocke of the turkysh Emperours: that is to saye..were the fyrst of al named and called Ottomans.
1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. f. 535/2,
Laonicus Chalcondilas bath most diligently let out ye original of ye Turks, and the ofsprȝing of the Ottomans.
1605 Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii2v,
As though he had bin of the race of the Ottomans.
1685 Mr. Travestin Acct. Proc. against Turks 32 Gone..to fight the Ottomans.
1735 Swift Let. to Pulteney in Lett. (1766) II. 273
Of the Roman emperors, how many of them were murdered by their own army;..the same may be said of the Ottomans by their janissaries.
1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. 276 (note)
By this barbarous policy the tyranny of the Ottomans has been long sustained.
B. adj.
Of, relating to, or designating this dynasty, the branch of the Turks to which it belonged, or the empire it ruled; = Osmanli adj. Also occas. more generally: Turkish. Ottoman Porte n. see Porte n.
[1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xl. f. 107v,
He of whom I will declare the historie, is Mahomet, not the false Prophete, but the greate graundfather of Solimar Ottoman Emperour of the Turkes, whiche raigned at that time.
1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes v. xviii. 54
Then Mahomet Ottoman Emperour of Turkie Anno 1410 with an excelsiue force of men and an hundred sailes of Gallies (conducted by a Baffa borne in Greece, descended of the rase of Paleologhisometime Emperours of Constantinople did besiege it.]
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Travellers Breviat (1603) 51
It is the custome of Ottoman princes to sieze vpon al the land which they take from their enimies.
1603 R. Knolles (title)
The generall historie of the Turkes..to the rising of the Othoman familie.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2112/2
The Ottoman Troops appointed for the guard of the Bridge of Essecke.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2116/3
In case they enter into the League against the Ottoman Port.
1718 Life Robert Frampton (1876) 60
Thy freedom enables thee to pass the Ottoman empire.
1743 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 445/1
The Persian monarch..has drawn his Arms upon the Ottoman Empire.
1793 H. L. Piozzi Diary 20 Feb. in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) II. 855
'Tis now confidently asserted that the Ottoman Porte enters into a League offensive & defensive with France.
Derivatives
† Ottomanean adj. Obs. rare = sense B.
1658 J. Durham Expos. Rev. (1680) ix. 385
The Turks (having prevailed over the Saracens) did with them combine in one dominion under the Ottomanean family.
ˈOttoman-like adj. rare in the manner of the Ottoman Turks or the Ottoman Empire.
a1684 R. Leighton Serm. in Wks. (1868) 444
They do not Ottomanlike, one brother kill another to reign alone.
The citations in chronological order.
1538 Italian Ottomano , adjective and noun
1540-50 Spanish otomano , noun
1543 French Ottoman, noun
1546 This Ottoman ... called Ottomans.
1566 ... of Solimar Ottoman Emperour of the Turkes...
1582 ... and the ofsprȝing of the Ottomans.
1590 Then Mahomet Ottoman Emperour of Turkie Anno 1410 ...
1590 French adjective as Hottomane
1601 (1603) It is the custome of Ottoman princes to sieze ...
1603 R. Knolles (title) The generall historie of the Turkes..to the rising of the Othoman familie.
1605 Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ii2v, As though he had bin of the race of the Ottomans.
1622 German ottomanisch , adjective
1658 (1680) The Turks ... the Ottomanean family.
1684a (1868) They do not Ottomanlike, one brother kill another ...
1685 Gone..to fight the Ottomans.
1686 The Ottoman Troops appointed for the guard of the Bridge of Essecke.
1686 In case they enter into the League against the Ottoman Port.
1718 (1876)Thy freedom enables thee to pass the Ottoman empire.
1735 (1766) ... of the Ottomans by their janissaries.
1743 The Persian monarch..has drawn his Arms upon the Ottoman Empire.
1776 ... the tyranny of the Ottomans has been long sustained.
1793 (1942)'...that the Ottoman Porte ...